Emanuela Orlandi

On June 22, 1983, fifteen-year-old Emanuela Orlandi, the daughter of a lay employee of the Vatican, left her family's apartment within Vatican City to attend a music lesson at a school near the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare in Rome. She never returned. A friend who had been with her at the lesson reported that Emanuela had mentioned a cosmetics job offer from a man representing Avon.

Emanuela's disappearance quickly became entangled in a web of conspiracy theories. Within days, the Vatican received phone calls from individuals claiming to be holding Emanuela and demanding the release of Mehmet Ali Agca, the Turkish gunman who had attempted to assassinate Pope John Paul II in 1981. The calls were never authenticated.

Over the decades, the case has generated numerous theories. Some link her disappearance to the Banda della Magliana, a Rome-based organized crime group with alleged Vatican financial connections. Others suggest she was kidnapped to pressure the Vatican regarding financial scandals. Some theories involve the KGB, the Bulgarian secret service, or Turkish intelligence.

In January 2023, the Vatican announced it would open its own investigation into Emanuela's disappearance, the first time the city-state had formally investigated the case. The Orlandi family has long accused the Vatican of covering up information about what happened to Emanuela. Her brother Pietro has been a prominent campaigner for answers. Despite being one of Italy's most discussed cold cases, the truth about Emanuela's fate remains unknown.