Olof Palme

On the evening of February 28, 1986, Swedish Prime Minister Olof Palme and his wife Lisbet attended a screening at the Grand Cinema on Sveavägen in central Stockholm. Having dismissed his security detail earlier in the day—as was his habit, reflecting Sweden's tradition of political openness—the couple walked home alone. At approximately 11:21 p.m., a man approached from behind and shot Palme once in the back at close range with a .357 Magnum revolver. A second shot grazed Lisbet Palme's back. The killer fled up steps into the surrounding streets.

The assassination of Sweden's prime minister sent shockwaves around the world and launched one of the largest murder investigations in Scandinavian history. The initial police response was widely criticized as chaotic and slow, with roadblocks not established for hours. Over the following decades, more than 130 people confessed to or were suspected of the murder, and the case file grew to over 700,000 pages.

The most prominent early suspect was Christer Pettersson, a petty criminal and drug addict who was identified by Lisbet Palme in a controversial lineup. He was convicted in 1989 but acquitted on appeal in 1990 due to insufficient evidence. Pettersson died in 2004, maintaining his innocence. Numerous conspiracy theories emerged, involving the South African apartheid regime, Kurdish separatists, the Iranian government, rogue elements of Swedish intelligence, and the arms company Bofors.

In June 2020, after 34 years, chief prosecutor Krister Petersson announced that Stig Engström—a graphic designer who had been an early witness at the scene—was the likely killer. Engström had given inconsistent accounts of his movements that night and matched descriptions given by witnesses. However, Engström had died by suicide in 2000, so the case was formally closed without a conviction. Many observers remain skeptical of this conclusion.